Fetus in fetu is a rare condition commonly presenting as an epitomized pedunculated vertebrated fetiform mass in a newborn infant. Different kinds of presentation and locations have been reported in the hosts. Although numbers of instances have been reported the fascination and curiosity about other presentations and genesis of fetus in fetu remains confirmed. In Tabriz pediatric surgery ward we have had five different presentations of fetus in fetu. The aim of this case series and a subtle literature review is gathering these interesting presentations.

Background & Objectives: Cardiovascular events are among the most common causes of mortality in patients with end stage renal disease. Caediac biomarkers such as troponins are very sensitive in diagnosing heart problems. Troponin I can be used to diagnose acute cardiovascular problems in hemodialysis patients.Methods: In -this descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study the level of troponin I was measured in 39 hemodialysis patients using ELISA method and BUN, Cr and Hb level before hemodialysis. LVH and LVMI were determined by echocardiography. The data were analyzed using SPSS.Results: The patients were 52.92 years old on average. 26 patients were male and 13 female.The average of tropnin I was 0.78 µg/l. There was no meaningful relationship between troponin I and LVMI, age and sex. However, a significant relationship was found between the level of troponin I with EF and diastolic dysfunction (p=0.05).Conclusion: Troponin I can be regarded as an indicator of LV dysfunction.

Aden carcinomas account for less than 2% of primary bladder cancers. In some situations, bladder tumors especially aden carcinomas has got unusual clinical presentations. A 76 year old female with diabetes mellitus was presented to the emergency room because of fever, abdominal pain and erithem of suprapubic region and after physical examination abdominal wall abscess was suspected and the patient underwent surgery. After drainage of abscess, the surgeon noted extending of abcess to pelvic cavity with involvement of bladder wall and adjacent organs. Urologic consultation was performed and frozen sections were obtained from involving portions of the bladder that revealed malignancy. Thus eventually, radical cystectomy and anterior pelvic exentration and bilateral ureterosigmoidostomy were performed. The patient was discharged after ten days with good general condition. Definitive pathological and immunohistochemistry result was reported as primary bladder adenocarcinoma with invasion to abdominal muscles. To date, the case of bladder adenocarcinoma with initial presentation of abdominal wall abcess has not been reported and our patient is thoroughly exclusive and significant case because of its unusual presentation and type of performed procedure in unprepared bowel preoperatively.

In this study the effects of concentration on tannin content, total anthocyanin content, total phenol content and antioxidant activity of cornelian cherry juice using conventional and microwave methods under various operational pressures (100, 38.5 and 12 kPa) were investigated. The final juice concentration of 42o Brix was achieved in 137, 125, and 93 minutes at 100, 38.5 and 12 kPa, respectively, by conventional heating. Applying microwave energy decreased required times to 115, 90, and 75 min. at 100, 38.5 and 12 kPa, respectively. Results showed that thermal treatment by microwave compared to conventional heating under low-pressure operation (12 kPa) caused less decrease in the phytochemical content (tannin content, total anthocyanin content, total phenol content and antioxidant activity) of cornelian cherry juice.

One of the basic needs of different techniques in molecule biology is the production of genomic DNA with desired quality and quantity. In some researches the plant samples are collected from nature and these plant tissues are usually adult and due to presence of carbohydrate, polyphenols complex and proteins in their components, we cannot extract DNA with high quality and quantity. In other hand, these complexes are bond with nucleic acids and separation of them from acid nucleic is difficult. In this study, genomic DAN extraction from the leaf of adult Thymus plant was carried out by Doyle and Doyle, Dellaporta, Kang and Yang and Khanuja methods. The results showed that Khanuja method with some modifications is better than others. In this extraction method, brown-sticky sediment was separated from DNA. Analysis by GC-mass, IR and UV revealed that this sediment contain Thymol, Carvacrol, Nerolidol and Borneol. Thymol substance has the greatest amount in GC (%65). So, the improved Khanuja method can separate the main secondary metabolites of Thymus and this method could be advised for DNA extraction from adult and mature plant.

Introduction: Controlling the postharvest losses and the utilization of safe methods versus chemical compounds is a remarkable priority in the production of horticultural produce. Using techniques to preserve agricultural produce quality dates back to many decades ago (Paliath et al., 2009). This is essential to keep the visual characteristic and quality of products. In some ways, the procedures employed improve the quality and organoleptic properties of the crops. This is end goes to the reduced production charges and the higher incomes (Duan et al., 2007). Postharvest scientists are attempting to employ the materials to cover the fruits and to keep the harvest time quality or even to improve the quality and visual attributes. During the recent years, the application of edible coatings such as chitosan has been increased to reduce the postharvest loses, lowering the respiration rate, shelf life improvement, firmness keeping and for the control of microbial growth rates in fruit crops. Chitosan is an aliphatic organic polymer with a characterized antifungal (Allan and Hadwiger, 1979) property. Furthermore, chitosan coating lowers the respiration rate, prevents microbial growth and delays the fruit ripening by the control of CO2, O2 and ethylene exchange balance (EL Ghaouth et al., 1991). Moreover, low temperature storage intensifies the chitosan keeping qualities on stored fruits. Cornelian cherry fruits contain high amounts of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), organic acids, phenolics, taninns and some other bioactive compounds. Hence, the fruits have considerable nutritional and medicinal benefits effects (Moldovans et al., 2016). Furthermore, the fruits have precious antimicrobial properties (Asadov, 1990). In the present study, we tried to evaluate the effects of different chitosan concentration to keep the antioxidant potential of cornelian cherry and of the quality attributes during postharvest period. Material and methods: Cornus mass L. fruits were harvested from an orchard from northwest of Iran (Hourand country). In advance, the fruits were homogenized for the size, color and shape and were transferred to the Lab. The fruits were treated with 0. 5, 1 and 1. 5 % chitosan solution and distilled water as control for 1 minute. The fruits let too dry at ambient temperature and were stored at 4± 1° C for 21 days. TSS, TA and pH were evaluated in fruit juice soon after. Samples were taken during the first, 7, 14 and 21th days after treatment. The fruits were kept at cold storage and immediately the common measurements like pH, TSS and TA were conducted. Then after the fruits were freezed in liquid nitrogen and kept in-40 ° C for further studies. Total phenolics, Flavonoids and anthocyanin were measured by folin-ciocaltea (Gallic acid as standard), flavonoids based on catechin and total anthocyanin by the absorbance difference in divers pH ratios, respectively. DPPH method was employed for the antioxidant potential of fruits. Besides CAT, GPX, PPO and PAL enzymes were quantified as well. The data were analyzed by SAS (ver. 9. 2) software as CRD with three replications. Excel 2013 was employed for the tables figuration and the means were compared by the Duncan's multiple range test. Results and discussion: ANOVA results revealed that interaction of storage time × chitosan concentration meaningfully (P <0. 01) influenced pH. TA and TSS of fruits. The top pH was acquired by 0. 5% chitosan at the third week. Chitosan modifies fruit surface atmosphere and hence by the variations in CO2 and O2 alters the TA and pH values. Maturity stage influences TSS values and with ripening progress, TSS was increased (Gunduz et al., 2012). In a similar experiment, with chitosan concentration adding up, TSS increase was slowed down seemingly due to the hydrolytic changes in the starch content and water loss during the storage period (Kays, 1997). Interaction of time and chitosan concentration was statistically influenced (P <0. 01) total phenolics, flavonoids and total anthocyanin content. Total phenolics had the highest amount with 1. 5% chitosan seemingly due to CO2 barrier induced by chitosan which reduces the phenolics oxidation. Moreover, chitosan coating activates PAL enzyme in phenolics biosynthesis (Romanazzi et al., 2017). Total flavonoids were increased by storage time, and by 1% of chitosan treatment. Flavonoids are crucial antioxidants and besides phenolics were increased in the fruits during the storage time and with SA treatment (Dokhanieh et al., 2013). Total anthocyanins followed the same pattern as well. Antioxidant potential of fruits was also impacted by storage time and chitosan as well (P <0. 05). Antioxidant potential is directly related to phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins content of fruits and vegetables. So that, the increased total amounts of the mentioned metabolites resulted in improved DPPH activity. There is evidence that other coatings such CaCl2 and SA improved the metabolites and antioxidant potential (Dokhanieh et al., 2013; Soleimani-Aghdam et al., 2013). CAT, PPO, GPX and PAL were influenced by the time× chitosan interaction as well. CAT activity was declined during the storage period. But, there was no significant difference between 0, 1 and 1. 5% chitosan treatments. Chitosan application improves the selective permeability of membrane for CO2 and O2 exchange and hence reduce the phenolics oxidation. These all reduce the PPO activation and function (Duan et al., 2007). GPX activity was increased during the storage, So, that the highest GPX activity was belonged to the sampling at 21th days. PAL activity was responsive to the interaction of time × chitosan concentration and the enzyme activity was increased in time dependent pattern during the storage. The top data was recorded for the untreated fruits. Conclusions: Cornelian cherry fruits are rich in antioxidant compounds like phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins and ascorbic acid. During the storage period and like other horticultural products (fruits and vegetables), the nutritional and visual quality of cornelian cherry fruits reduces dramatically. Chitosan as an environment-friendly and non-chemical compound preserves the quality attributes of fruits. Over all, in the present experiment, chitosan treated fruits had more antioxidant potential and enzymatic activity than untreated ones. Moreover, chitosan improved the total quantities for phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins. DPPH antioxidant potential was improved by chitosan application. Furthermore, CAT, PPO and PAL were correspondingly responded to chitosan treatment in favor of fruits quality. In short, chitosan has a considerable potential to be considered as a good edible coating to improve the postharvest life and quality attributes of cornelian cherry fruits.

Static headspace combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry is a powerful technique which can be used for separation and identification of volatile organic compounds in complex and different matrices such as soil, water, blood, urine, milk, cheese and especially yogurt. After sample collection, they were analyzed by HS-GC/MS system and the components (acetaldehyde, acetone, butanone and acetic acid) were detected and quantified. The limit of detection (LOD) was 100 ng/kg with selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode at m/z =60 for acetic acid. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was measured at 5.5% for acetic acid.

There are two approaches for simulating memory as well as learning in artificial intelligence; the functionalistic approach and the cognitive approach. The necessary condition to put the second approach into account is to provide a model of brain activity that contains a quite good congruence with observational facts such as mistakes and forgotten experiences. Given that human memory has a solid core that includes the components of our identity, our family and our hometown, the major and determinative events of our lives, and the countless repeated and accepted facts of our culture, the more we go to the peripheral spots the data becomes flimsier and more easily exposed to oblivion. It was essential to propose a model in which the topographical differences are quite distinguishable. In our proposed model, we have translated this topographical situation into quantities, which are attributed to the nodes. The result is an edge-weighted graph with mass-based values on the nodes which demonstrates the importance of each atomic proposition, as a truth, for an intelligent being. Furthermore, it dynamically develops and modifies, and in successive phases, it changes the mass of the nodes and weight of the edges depending on gathered inputs from the environment.

Background and Objectives: The campaign to eliminate measles and rubella (MR) is one of the most important current health projects in Iran. One of the basic requirements of this program is the creation of an efficient system for collecting data on MR morbidity and mortality, people's knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding MR prevention, and people's participation in the eradication drive. The present study was done to assess people's knowledge, attitude and practice in relation to the current anti-MR campaign.Materials and Methods: This cross- sectional study was carried out fur months after the mass (anti-MR campaign (performed in May 2004). The target population included at the people aged 20-25y who lived in areas covered by Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. The calculated sample size was 384, using a 2-stage sampling procedure. We used X2 tests, odds ratios and confidence intervals to detect relationships between various categorical variables. We also performed Cronbach's alpha test to assess questionnaire reliability, and principal component analysis to ensure construct validity.Results: Data were collected on 390 individuals. The percentages of people with an acceptable level of knowledge, attitude and practice were 63.3%, 53.6% and 93.1% respectively. After controlling for confounders in, a logistic regression model, it became apparent that knowledge concerning the mass immunization campaign was related to the individual's own education and that of his/her mother. Attitude was found to be affected by factors such as education, marital status and the family's main income level. The practice component, on the other hand; was not significantly related to any of the variables included in this study.Conclusion: The positive achievements of this program should be used in planning any future immunization campaigns. Particular attention should be paid to factors that affect overall coverage. These include human resources, equipment, vaccines and other materials, service uality, the cold chain, information provided to the public, and people's as well as providers' knowledge of the immunization program, the target diseases (s) and the vaccines.